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Cystitis on women

Lower abdominal pain as a symptom of cystitis in women

Cystitis is one of the most common diseases in the genitourinary system.During the pathological process, for one cause or another (infectious agents, chemical and traumatic injuries), inflammation of the bladder mucous membrane occurs.

Cystitis is considered a common female disease.According to medical statistics, 80% of all cases of cystitis are women.This can be understood from an anatomical point of view: the female urinary tract is much shorter than the male, which means that the pathogen (which is mostly the causative agent of cystitis) faces less resistance and faster travel to the bladder.This is why women should empty their bladder more often, and if urinary retention occurs, the risk of developing cystitis increases significantly.

Cystitis affects not only the mucous membranes of the bladder.In general, this is a relatively complex disease that requires a lot of complications and discomfort.

Symptoms, diagnostic strategies and treatment depend on many factors:

  1. The nature of the pathological process;
  2. Localization of inflammation;
  3. Type of pathogen.

Cystitis is divided into types according to several criteria:

  • Based on the type of pathogen: bacterial cystitis (chlamydia, uraplasma, gonorrhea, other pathogens of sex, as well as staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli and others) and non-bacterial cystitis (toxic, caused by drugs);
  • According to the nature of this disease: acute cystitis (which occurs in acute phase with manifestations of common symptoms) and chronic (occurring in latent or recurrent);
  • Depending on the presence and type of organic change (morphology) in the organs: ulcerative, catarrhal, cyst;
  • Based on the localization of the pathological process: the mucous membrane cystitis, which affects the submucosal layer, affecting the muscle layer.

Symptoms of cystitis in women

Ill with cystitis

The nature and intensity of pain and discomfort during cystitis is solely individual and depends on the threshold of pain, as well as the degree of damage to the bladder structure itself.

Generally accepted with cystitis, pain is only localized in the bladder area.This is not entirely true.Often pain can radiate (wander).The pain of cystitis moves to the lumbosacral spine and the patient feels as if their back is sick.The pain syndrome can also be localized in the Coccyx area.

Pain is often accompanied by general symptoms of body intoxication: different intensity headaches - different (local forehead), weakness and fatigue, hyperthermia (increased body temperature) up to 37.5 - 38 degrees.Pain and manifestations of intoxication are considered a pathological symptom and cannot be separated from each other, even with poor immunity there may be no hyperthermia.

Cystitis with blood in women

In some cases, women with cystitis may find that urine has pink or pale red.There may be two reasons for this: whether we are talking about acute cystitis, or about the worse form - hemorrhagic cystitis.It's quite easy to distinguish it;With acute cystitis, urine obtained red at the end of the urine;With complicated cystitis, urine throughout the act and maintains color during all subsequent trips to the toilet.

Also some of the causes of cystitis:

  1. Injury to the bladder wall and urethra by foreign objects;
  2. Lack of bladder muscle tone;
  3. Congestion in the bladder, leading to the development of degenerative changes;
  4. Anatomical disorders (urinary tract lumen stenosis, compression of the structure of the excretion system by oncological neoplasms).

Therefore, most often cystitis with blood in women is a secondary pathology caused by certain factors.

Acute cystitis with blood and, in particular, hemorrhagic cystitis is difficult:

  • Intense pain is observed, persistent and persistent.
  • False impulse to urinate;
  • The main manifestation of such a form of cystitis is bleeding.Although the blood starts to come out only a few hours after the onset of the acute phase, the intensity of the bleeding can be so high that the blood, under the influence of certain substances contained in the urine, will form, form a large blood clot.Blood clotting, clogging the lumen of the urethra, causes delay in urine and, as a result, further complicates the patient's condition.

Itching and burning with cystitis

Itching and burning may be the most common symptoms of cystitis in women after pain.Usually, both of these manifestations are observed by the allergic or contagious properties of cystitis.

Itching and burning also often occur with the origin of cystitis.Allergens are recognized by the patient's immune system as antigens, as a result the immune system produces specific antibodies to fight "dangerous intruders."As a result of the reaction, the antigen-antibody complex resides in the mast cell (basophil) located in the urethra and urethra.Under the influence of the complex, the basophil is destroyed, releasing a large number of histamine substances, which are an itching mediator and causes an itchy sensation and unbearable burning.

For the same reason, with inflammation lesions, itching and burning are also observed: infectious agents and toxic products of their metabolic activity (with the origin of bacteria cystitis) or certain substances contained in drugs accumulated in large quantities of urine.When released, these materials affect the ending of the shallow nerve.

In general, symptoms such as itching -Gatal with a probability of 95% indicate allergic or contagious properties of cystitis, which means that the lesions of the vaginal mucosa are possible.

Can there be a fever with cystitis?

To answer the question correctly, you need to understand why body temperature rises.Hyperthermia occurs as a result of acute immune response to foreign substances or microorganisms.At temperatures above 37 degrees, pathogens lose their previous activity, and their important activity intensity decreases significantly.Almost always, infectious cystitis is accompanied by an increase in body temperature between 37.5 and 38.2 degrees.This common phenomenon shows a strong immune system that can withstand the infection.The height of the figure largely depends on the direct cause of the disease.

For this reason, although cystitis of infectious properties may not lead to increased temperature.For example, agents causing tuberculosis in the first stage of the disease do not expose itself to increased temperature, while the most sexual infection and even adenovirus cause significant hyperthermia, up to 39 degrees.

Causes of cystitis in women

As mentioned earlier, the disease in most cases occurs in women, caused by the short and width of the urethra, the location of the anal and vagina (as it is known, even the opportunistic microflora of the mucous membrane above the bladder.

In 85-90% of cases, cystitis in women develops precisely due to the penetration of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms (contagious cystitis).Pathogens do not always enter the bladder from the vagina or anus.

The penetration path may be different:

  1. The passage decreases.Infection can spread from the kidneys to the bladder;
  2. The passage up.What has been mentioned is from the outside through the urethra to the bladder;
  3. Hematogen path.In short, bacteria or viruses enter the bladder through the bloodstream.This cause can be the focus of infectious lesions in the body, however, it is possible that pathogenic agents will get, for example, from tonsils to bladder, very small, but still.
  4. Lymphogenic pathways.The pathogen enters the bladder of the pelvic organs that have become inflamed.

However, in addition to the contagious -Sulent, cystitis can develop because:

  • Take certain medications.For example, for example, is a cytostatic drug used to fight malignant neoplasms;
  • Allergic reactions.Allergies are quite local.In some cases, the bladder is affected.

There are several factors that increase the risk of developing cystitis:

  1. Vaginal inflammation (colitis) and sexually transmitted diseases.In view of the proximity of vaginal anatomy and urethra, the occurrence of cystitis is just a time problem;
  2. The same can be said about constipation and other bowel problems (colitis, and others).Microorganisms from the colon, also due to the proximity of the anatomy of the anus and external genitals, can cause the formation of acute cystitis;
  3. Nephrological diseases: kidney stones, nephritis and pyelonephritis, urinary retention.According to decreased principles, infections often drop from the kidneys to the bladder, and with urine stagnation, very serious pathology and forms of cystitis can develop.
  4. The state of the peak hormone.Pregnancy, menstrual cycle, menopause.The reason lies in changes in hormone levels and, as a result, microflora of the vaginal mucous membranes and urethra;
  5. Predisposing factors also include endocrine disease, especially diabetes;
  6. Risk groups include allergic patients, as well as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Regardless of the causes and sources of the disease, cystitis includes complex symptom symptoms:

  • Frequent and painful urine.Burn, burn pain in the bladder and urethra;
  • The urge to urinate may be fake;
  • Urinary incontinence (sometimes);
  • Increased encouragement at night without increased urine production.
  • Persistent pain in the genital area and perineal, radiating to the bottom and tailbone.Is called pain at the beginning and end of the urine;
  • Dark, or cloudy urine, with pus admixtures;
  • General manifestations of intoxication.

If the cause is located on allergies, painful itching and burning in the uretral area may develop.

Complications and consequences of cystitis

Cystitis is not necessarily a harmless disease, and the principles of "drinking something" and "it will disappear on its own" will not work here.

If the required treatment is not performed in time, the consequences can be more than a disaster:

  1. Along the upward road, kidney damage occurs.According to medical statistics, in 95% of cases, untreated cystitis causes severe kidney disease;
  2. Women may experience urine that returns from the bladder back to the kidneys.This happens very rarely;
  3. Long -term and at the same time ineffective cystitis treatment can lead to organic changes in organ tissue.The epithelium declines and, as a result, the bladder loses its elasticity, loses its ability to regenerate, and decrease in size;
  4. If specific treatment is not done on time, there is a high risk of chronic disease.Chronic cystitis, especially contagious (and most commonly occurred) is a continuous source of inflammation;
  5. Although it is difficult to call stress and depression directly complications of cystitis, they are.If the pathology is not treated in time, it becomes chronic.The delay of cystitis is frequent and can occur almost several times a month.The disease puts an extreme psychological stress on a person, literally making a healthy community hostage to the toilet.In addition, the dominant is formed in the human mind;
  6. Disadvantages of bladder sfinkter.Can lead to the development of urinary incontinence.Often, it develops in the elderly.

Diagnosis of cystitis

The main diagnosis includes personal examinations by specialists: urologists, nephrologists, gynecologists.

Experts collect anamnesis and create a possible cause of the disease.

While collecting anamnesis, doctors pay special attention to risk factors:

  • Unprotected sex;
  • Hypothermia;
  • Excessive emotional stress;
  • Medicines taken;
  • The presence of similar diseases and pathology (especially in the pelvic organs).

Laboratory research

Include:

  1. Take general blood tests;
  2. Take general urine tests;
  3. Submit a urine test for culture.

Among the instrumental methods, the two main are used:

  • Urethroscopy and cystoscopy.
  • Ultrasound examination of the bladder.

How to relieve cystitis attacks?First aid at home

In severe cases, it is recommended to use the drug:

  1. The best solution is to take antispasmodics;
  2. In addition to antispasmodic, pain is released by analgesics;
  3. Preparation of herbs containing oregano herbs and cone of hop also helps reduce cramps and pain caused by cystitis;
  4. In any case, you need to take your own antibacterial medication.Taking antibiotics is guaranteed to lead to changes in laboratory test images, and experts will not be able to establish sources and causes of disease;
  5. If the diagnosis is confirmed and is known to the patient, you can take antimicrobial drugs.

In all other cases, it is best not to treat yourself.Complicated cystitis attacks (with blood, hemorrhagic) are released exclusively in the hospital atmosphere.Otherwise, life -threatening bleeding can develop.

How to treat cystitis in women

Because cystitis in women is most often developed due to infectious lesions, special therapies are intended to destroy pathogens.

  • In recent years, medicines from the fluoroquinolone group have proven its effectiveness.These antibiotics can only be taken as directed by experts;
  • If diagnostic results reveal certain pathogens, antifungal, antimicrobial or antiviral drugs;
  • To eliminate pain, antispasmodic and severe analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended;
  • In the absence of allergies to herbal medicine, it is allowed to take herbal tea based on lingonberry, horsetail, and bearberry.Priority should be given to non -packaged products;
  • To quickly remove toxins from the body, it is recommended to increase daily fluid intake.

Prevention of cystitis

Personal hygiene rules must be observed.To wash, you need to choose a neutral product in their acidic properties.Proper intimate care is key to the absence of relapse.

It is recommended to clear your bladder as often as possible.Urine movements are full of complications.

Hypothermia is not allowed.The feet must be kept warm and dry.

During the severity of cystitis, it is worth increasing the amount of fluid used to 2-2.5 liters per day: water, fresh natural juice, cranberry juice.You should refrain from drinking carbonated water and artificial drinks.

Both in the case of acute cystitis and in the case of chronic cystitis, you should avoid wearing tight synthetic pants.

Constipation indirectly affects the risk of developing cystitis.Therefore, preventive measures also include methods of improving intestinal motility.

Answers for popular questions

Which doctor should I call for cystitis?

You should contact three experts: urologists, nephrologists and gynecologists.

Is it possible to have sex with cystitis?Is it sexually transmitted?

Cystitis is a disease of the bladder inflammation.Of course, it is impossible for a contract of cystitis through sexual relations.

However, there is a high probability of sending it to a contagious agent partner that causes cystitis.But we must make a reservation: the transmission of pathogenic microflora is only possible if the disease is from contagious.In all other cases, the partner is safe.

For other aspects of this issue, everything is not easy.The most competent experts recommend that women stay away from sexual activity for the duration of the disease.

However, if you can't do it without sexual relations, you need to follow the suggestions:

  • Immediately before sex, wash your body and clean your hands carefully;
  • Avoid touching the vagina.During cystitis, the mucous membranes are subject to increased pressure, as it is impossible to protect it completely from the urine particles;
  • In the event of suspicion of damage equal to the uterus, it does not include deep penetration;
  • At the end of the intimacy, be sure to wash the outer genitals;
  • Use barrier contraception (condom only).

Cystitis after intimacy, what is the reason?

The development of cystitis after sex is not a long problem.Postcoital cystitis (also known as "honeymoon syndrome") occurs at about 45% of cases.As a rule, it is detected after the first sex.

There are several reasons for this:

  1. The most common, but at the same time the most difficult to eliminate, is the congenital anomalies of the genitourinary system;
  2. Another common reason is the lack of proper hygiene.Partners may not be aware of this, while there are many microorganisms on the penis surface.As a result, the female urethra was attacked by an infectious agent.This group also includes vaginal sex and alternate anal without changing condoms or without it.In this case, the causative agent of cystitis is the intestinal microflora (bacillus);
  3. Vaginal dryness.Due to excessive dryness of the vaginal mucosa, tissue cracks occur.The result is colitis, which quickly causes the development of cystitis.In this case, cystitis is a secondary disease.Therefore, you cannot have sex if the female genitalia does not have sufficient desire and hydration;
  4. It should also be remembered about sexually transmitted diseases.If the couple is sick or carrier, the woman is quickly infected, and in this case there is a risk not only developing sexually transmitted diseases, but also secondary cystitis.

Is it possible to play sports with cystitis?

In this case, all of them are solely individual and depend on the condition of the patient and the severity of cystitis.However, some physical activity must be abandoned.

Avoid:

  • Visit to the Fitness Club.Aerobics and exercises can cause mechanical irritation of the urethra and bladder, as a result, the symptoms will worsen;
  • Swim.Swimming is allowed, but no more than 10-20 minutes.Prolonged exposure to cold water (30-50 minutes) is guaranteed to lead to local hypothermia.As a result of cooling, local immunity will decrease, and within a few hours the symptoms of cystitis will become more noticeable;
  • Winter sports.Almost all winter sports involve prolonged exposure to cold.Under such circumstances, the risk of developing hypothermia and worsening cystitis increases significantly.People interested in skating numbers are advised to dress warmly, cover the pelvis and perineal areas, and cannot sit on the ice;
  • Active sports associated with increased physical activity and a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure is excluded: boxing, wrestling, biking.

However, there are some sports recommended for cystitis.They even counteract the muscles of the body and do not lead to significant fatigue.These are jogging, walking, basketball, volleyball.Dancing is also allowed.It is important to remember that the clothing must be appropriate.It is dangerous to wear tight and tight clothes.Tracksuit should not be appropriate;Priority should be given to light, but at the same time warm clothing made of natural materials.

Is it possible to take a hot bath if you have cystitis?

In general, this issue is very controversial.To answer this, we must continue from the current state of the patient and the course of the disease.You can take a warm bath (warm, but not hot) only on stage when cystitis is not yet felt with certain symptoms.In this case, light heating is not only contraindicated, but also useful.

Once one of the following symptoms appears, the thermal procedure is strictly contracted:

  1. Muscle cramps (sharp, cramps in the lower abdomen and genital area);
  2. Burn and sting when urinating;
  3. Blood or pus in the urine.

If we only talk about the early stages of the disease, heating is allowed, but it must be used only within reasonable limits:

  • Heating with dry heat.Salt is heated in containers to 38-40 degrees, poured into a cloth bag and used in a sore spot;
  • Bathe.This basin is filled with warm water, after which you need to take a bath for 10-20 minutes.Then the feet are rubbed dry and warm stockings;
  • Shower sitting.In the first stage of cystitis development, you can take Sitz Baths with the addition of medicinal herbs.In this case, the water temperature should not be higher than 37 degrees, and the bath period should be up to 10 minutes.Even warm baths are prohibited in cases where other organs other than the bladder are affected;
  • Warm bath.The optimal way of relieving cystitis and performing hygiene procedures during the disease;
  • Heating your hands with warmth.The palms are placed in the bladder for several hours;
  • Heating compresses with eucalyptus oil.Effective with the absence of acute symptoms.But it is contraindicated for allergies.

Can menstruation be postponed due to cystitis?

There is no relationship-and directly between cystitis and menstrual abuse.However, as mentioned earlier, rarely cystitis in women only occurs with damage to the bladder.As the infection increases, it often affects the genital organs, including the uterus and ovaries located in the abdominal cavity.

The ovaries are responsible for the production of estrogen, a particular female hormone, which in turn helps normalize the menstrual cycle.When the infection spreads to the ovaries, estrogen production decreases.As a result, the cycle is interrupted, and then the menstrual delay is possible.